After installing a new update for SharePoint 2010, you will, and most likely, need to upgrade the databases.

In order to update the databases you have two choices:

1. SharePoint 2010 Products Configuration Wizard (which is the easier way)
2. Through SharePoint 2010 Management Shell

If you choose the Management Shell you need to execute the following code:

PSConfig.exe -cmd upgrade -inplace b2b -wait
or
PSConfig.exe -cmd upgrade -inplace b2b -force